5 Steps To Build Your Own Solar Panel

While you can purchase complete solar panel systems, you can build one yourself if you have the right tools and know-how. Below is a breakdown of how to build a solar panel in 5 simple steps.

Step 1: Get the necessary parts and tools

The first thing you need to do is purchase the necessary parts and gather all the tools you need for the job. Buy your solar cells first, as the size of your cells will determine what size panel you need to build.

Necessary parts for the solar panel itself include:

• Solar cells
• A sheet of plexiglass
• Four 1x2s
• A backing board (Choose something non-conducive, like wood, cardboard, glass, or plastic. Wood is preferred since it’s easier to cut and sturdier than the other options.)
• A roll of tabbing wire
• A roll of solder
• A tube of silicone adhesive
• Bus wire

For the battery system, you’ll need the following:

• A diode
• A terminal block
• A charge controller
• A battery

You’ll also need the following tools:

• Soldering iron
• A flux pen
• Wire cutters
• A saw
• Deck screws
• Butt joints
• Screw gun/screwdriver

Step 2: Make the backing board

Lay your solar cells on the backing board in as few rows as possible but don’t attach them to the board yet. There should be a small space between each cell.

Measure an additional two inches of space beyond the ends of your rows, above the top row, and below the bottom row. That’s how large your backing board should be.

Cut the board to the size you measured.

Step 3: Cut your tabbing wire and connect it to the solar cells

Your tabbing wire connects each solar cell to another. Cut the wire to lengths twice the size of the contract pads on the solar cells. You’ll need two of these per cell.

Use a flux pen to flux the path of the wire to prevent oxidation while you solder the wire to the cells. Then use your solder iron and solder to connect two pieces of tabbing wire to each cell. Half of each wire should extend from one side of the cell. You’ll use that later to connect the cell to the next one.

Step 4: Connect your solar cells

Use a dot of silicone adhesive to connect the back of your solar cells to the backing board. Keep the tabbing wire straight to connect all the cells in the row.

Each row should alternate wiring directions. So if the wires in the first row connect a cell to the one to the right of it, then wires in the next row should connect each cell to the one to the left of it.

Then solder the ends of the tabbing wire to leads on the top of the next solar cell. Remember to use the flux pen to prep the area before soldering.

Solder tabbing wire to the leads on top of the first solar cell in your row so it points off the board. Connect these two pieces of tabbing wire to bus wire that is an inch longer than the space between contact pads on the cells. This is the positive end of your solar panel.

At the end of the row, attach a longer piece of bus wire to connect the reading wire of the first row with the tabbing wire in the row below it. Add two pieces of additional tabbing wire to the last cell in this row, and connect it to the row below it with bus wire. Repeat as needed until all the wires are connected.

The last solar panel in the last row should connect to another short piece of bus wire, just like the positive end. This is the negative end of your solar panel.

Step 5: Construct the panel box

You’ll need to create the panel box to protect all the cells you just wired together from the elements.

Measure and cut your 1×2 planks to fit the backing board. Using deck screws, butt joints, and a screw gun, attach the cut 1x2s to each other to construct a frame.

Drill holes in the 1x2s where you have the two shorter pieces of bus wire. The holes should be slightly larger than the diameter of the bus wire.

Finally, glue the backing board to the finished box. Be careful not to disturb any of the cells or other components.

Step 6: Wire your panel

Once the box is constructed, it’s time to assemble the wiring so the energy from the solar panels can be used.

Start by connecting your panel to a diode, which directs the current from the solar panel to the battery. You’ll need to solder one end of a wire to the bus wire on the negative end of your solar panel and connect the other end of the diode.

Solder another wire (use a different color) to the bus wire on the positive end of your solar panel.

Install a terminal block to the side of your solar panel box. Run both wires from your solar panel’s positive and negative ends through the terminal block.

Connect your terminal block to a charge controller to regulate the electrical current to prevent overcharging your battery.

Finally, connect the charge controller to your battery.

Step 7: Seal the panel box

Glue 1×1 blocks in each corner of the panel box. Be careful not to disturb any of the solar cells.

Cut a sheet of plexiglass to the size of your solar panel box. Then place the plexiglass sheet on the four blocks. Screw the plexiglass to the blocks. Seal the edges of the plexiglass to the walls of the solar panel with a silicone sealant.

You’re ready to start harnessing solar energy to power your home! Check out Solartap’s infographic to learn more about building your own solar panel.